Other

Time and Date

Command	Short Description
`cal`	Display a calendar
`cal -3`	Display calendar for the previous, current, and next month
`timedatectl`	Control system time and date settings
`sudo timedatectl set-time '2023-09-06 14:30:00'`	Set the system time and date
`date`	Display or set the system date and time
`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`	Display the current date and time in a specific format
`sudo date -s '2023-09-06 14:30:00'`	Set the system date and time
`tzselect`	Set the system's time zone interactively

Timezone

Get timezone

date +%Z
date +%z
timedatectl show --property=Timezone --value
readlink /etc/localtime
cat /etc/timezone # depricated
echo $TZ # depricated

Set timezone

timedatectl list-timezones
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Will change the output of "date, timedatectl and /etc/localtime"

/etc/localtime is a file or symbolic link in Linux that represents the current system's time zone configuration, used by many applications. You can change this time zone by modifying the file or link to point to a time zone definition file under /usr/share/zoneinfo/.

Fix time difference between linux and windows

sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
## sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
sudo ntpdate time.nist.gov ## update time

man, apropos

Command	Short Description
`apropos network`	Find network commands
`apropos file`	Search for file-related commands
`apropos -s 1 ".*"`	all user commands (section 1)
`man`	Display manual pages
`man ls`	View manual for 'ls' command

GRUB

File:

/etc/default/grub
/etc/grub.d/
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
/boot/efi/EFI/
/boot/grub/x86_64-efi/

Regenerate grub.cfg

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Fixing broken grub

Easy method using Manjaro Live

Boot a live Manjaro image

sudo manjaro-chroot -a
grub-install
update-grub

It will detect your current installed linux. Restart the computer and it will boot the installed linux.
Then run:

update-grub

General method

# Mount the file system and efi partition
sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mkdir /efi
sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /efi

# Install grub and update grub configuration
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/nvme0 --efi-directory=/efi --target=x86_64-efi --recheck
sudo chroot /mnt
sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/nvme0n1p1
nano /etc/fstab
sudo update-grub

Autostart

Init

the init command refers to the process initialization system. It's the first process that gets started by the kernel during system boot, and it's assigned the process ID (PID) of 1

which init
# Output: /usr/bin/init

readlink -f /usr/bin/init
# Output: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd

ps -p 1
# Output:
# PID TTY          TIME CMD
#   1 ?        00:00:01 systemd

pstree -p 1
# Output:
# systemd(1)─┬─...

Automatic Shutdown

Command	Description
`shutdown now`	Shutdown the system immediately.
`shutdown -h +5`	Shutdown the system in 5 minutes.
`shutdown -r now`	Reboot the system immediately.
`shutdown -r +10`	Reboot the system in 10 minutes.
`shutdown -H now`	Halt the system immediately.
`shutdown +5`	Shutdown the system in 5 minutes.

Reading symlinks

readlink /bin/init
# ../lib/systemd/systemd

System Info

uname -a

Performance

Disable Linux Watchdogs, compaction and more

sudo systemctl start systemd-sysctl.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-sysctl.service

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
# And
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.d/sys.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen=3
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
kernel.nmi_watchdog=0
kernel.watchdog=0
vm.compaction_proactiveness=0
vm.zone_reclaim_mode=0
vm.page_lock_unfairness=1
kernel.perf_event_paranoid=-1
fs.inode-nr=200000
vm.dirty_background_ratio=5
vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=8192
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
vm.min_free_kbytes=2500000

Improve fstab, ssd, nvme performance

sudo nano /etc/fstab 
UUID=f74c37b2-8a12-4252-90a6-d31504507bcb / ext4  defaults,noatime,nodiratime,commit=60,barrier=0  0 1

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/60-ioschedulers.rules

ACTION=="add|change", KERNEL=="nvme[0-9]n[0-9]", ATTR{queue/scheduler}="none"

Disabling journaling

sudo tune2fs -f -O "^has_journal" /dev/sda2

Journal Size

sudo nano /etc/systemd/journald.conf
SystemMaxUse=100M
sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald

Manjaro

Fix broken System

Boot into Manjaro Live
chroot to yoour linux (manjaro-chroot -a)

sudo pacman -Rns xf86-video-amdgpu
sudo pacman -S xf86-video-amdgpu

# Remove the word splash & quiet from the Grub command line options
nano /etc/default/grub

sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 
sudo pacman -Rsn plymouth plymouth-theme-manjaro plymouth-kcm

# remove "plymouth" from mkinitcpio HOOKS and add "ext4 vfat" to MODULES
nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf

sudo mkinitcpio -P
sudo update-grub

sudo pacman -S linux61 linux

Things to do before installing

Backup important data. Recovery-keys, Passwords, Postman and ...

backupPath=/home/mlibre/media/H/Linux/caches/
cp -rf /home/mlibre/.local/share/TelegramDesktop $backupPath
cp $HISTFILE $backupPath
cp .bashrc $backupPath
cp .bash_profile $backupPath
sudo cp -r /etc $backupPath
sudo cp -r /usr/lib/systemd/ $backupPath

# Or full backup
fullBackupPath=/home/mlibre/media/H/Linux/backup
sudo rsync -aAXHv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/var/*","/media/*","/usr/*","/lib/*","/lib64/","/lost+found","/swapfile",".npm*",".npm/*","node_modules*","node_modules/*","mesa_shader_cache*","steamapps*","Data*","Steam*","/home/mlibre/media/*"} / $fullBackupPath

Mark EFI partition while installing Manjaro/Arch Linux as /boot/efi. Don't check Format option.

Things to do after installing

Remove and disable unnecessary packages

echo "$USER ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/$USER
sudo systemctl disable pamac-daemon
sudo systemctl disable pamac-mirrorlist.timer
sudo systemctl disable pamac-mirrorlist.service
sudo systemctl disable pacman-filesdb-refresh.timer
sudo pacman -R manjaro-hello web-installer-url-handler matray print-manager samba kdenetwork-filesharing thunderbird hplip cups yakuake manjaro-printer gutenprint cups-pdf snapd libpamac-snap-plugin flatpak libpamac-flatpak-plugin bluedevil timeshift timeshift-autosnap-manjaro pamac-tray-icon-plasma kdeconnect vde2  qemu-common qemu-system-arm qemu-user-static-binfmt qemu-system-arm-firmware scrcpy flatpak

## or

echo "manjaro-hello web-installer-url-handler matray print-manager samba kdenetwork-filesharing thunderbird hplip cups yakuake manjaro-printer gutenprint cups-pdf snapd libpamac-snap-plugin flatpak libpamac-flatpak-plugin bluedevil timeshift timeshift-autosnap-manjaro pamac-tray-icon-plasma kdeconnect vde2  qemu-common qemu-system-arm qemu-user-static-binfmt qemu-system-arm-firmware scrcpy flatpak" | xargs -d " " -I {} sudo pacman --noconfirm -R {}

Pacman downloads parallel

sudo nano /etc/pacman.conf
ParallelDownloads = 5

Upgrade

pamac update --force-refresh
pamac update -a
sudo pacman-mirrors --fasttrack
sudo pacman -Syyuu
sudo pacman -S mlocate telegram-desktop unzip thermald ntfs-3g firefox vlc aria2 base-devel xorg-xrandr code dnsutils
sudo pacman -S qbittorrent meld ttf-ubuntu-font-family gnome-keyring libsecret core/iputils clinfo steam-native-runtime gparted amdvlk lib32-amdvlk net-tools
sudo pacman -S clamav libreoffice-fresh tor torsocks
sudo systemctl enable --now thermald.service
sudo updatedb
pamac install nekoray-bin visual-studio-code-bin onlyoffice-bin

Import Data

cp -r /run/media/mlibre/D/Linux/caches/TelegramDesktop /home/mlibre/.local/share/

Aliases
```
echo "alias nn='npm run'" >> ~/.bashrc
```
Make an XDG autostart script for gamma adjustment
Put the gamma script in the .bashrc and .zshrc as well
KDE Settings -> Disable Mouse acceleration
KDE Settings -> Startup and Shutdown: Start with empty session, Choose KDE Screen Saver, Review background services and Autostarts.
KDE Settings -> Appearance -> Theme -> Breeze Dark, Breath Dark
KDE Settings -> Appearance -> Font -> Enabled Anti-Aliasing, RGB, Slight. all +1 PT
KDE Settings -> Workspace -> Search -> Disable Web Search Keywords
KDE Settings -> Workspace Behavior -> Activities -> Privacy -> Dont remember soft
KDE Settings -> Search for kRunner -> settings -> uncheck all
Pin Firefox, Terminal, ProtonVPN, Kate and VSCode to the panel
Software Center: Disable automatic updates, Add AUR support
Remove Virtual Desktops
Make a Swapfile

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=5120 status=progress
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
cat /etc/fstab
sudo bash -c "echo /swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab"

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
## vm.swappiness=10

Firefox: Enable DNS over HTTPS
Enable automatic mounting of external drives: Settings -> Hardware -> Removable Storage -> Automount
Konsole config:
- Font: Monospace 13pt
- Theme: Breath (customized, a bit darker)
- Shell: Manjaro zsh
Steam: Allow auto-update only between 1AM - 11AM
Performance

sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service
sudo systemctl disable tor.service
sudo systemctl disable samba
sudo systemctl disable cups
balooctl disable && balooctl purge
sudo rm /etc/cron.d/0hourly
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/baloo_file.desktop
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/pamac-tray-budgie.desktop
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/pamac-tray.desktop
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/msm_kde_notifier.desktop
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/org.gnome.SettingsDaemon*
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/print-applet.desktop

# sudo systemctl enable firewalld
# sudo systemctl restart firewalld

# sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
# sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=30303/tcp
# sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=30303/udp

# sudo systemctl restart --now clamav-daemon
# sudo freshclam
# clamscan --recursive --infected /home
# sudo systemctl disable --now clamav-freshclam
# sudo systemctl disable --now clamav-daemon
# sudo systemctl enable --now clamav-daemon
# sudo systemctl enable --now clamav-freshclam

Apply New Configs

# Default config file
ls -laR /etc/skel

# apply default configs
# method 1
cp -rf /etc/skel/.* ~/
rm -f ~/.config/dconf/user

# method 2
sudo useradd -m newusername
sudo passwd newusername

Windows 11

Make boatable usb

WoeUsb

sudo pacman -Suy p7zip python-pip python-wxpython
git clone https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB-ng.git
sudo pip3 install .
sudo woeusb --workaround-skip-grub --target-filesystem NTFS --device ~/Win11_22H2_English_x64v1.iso  /dev/sdb

Win2USB

https://github.com/ValdikSS/windows2usb
chmod +x windows2usb*
./windows2usb-0.2.4-x86_64.AppImage /dev/sdb ~/Win11_22H2_English_x64v1.iso gpt+uefintfs

Things to do after installing Windows 11

Download and install all the updates
Enable Ransomware protection
Download DimScreen, Copy it to the download folder. Open. click on the settings. set brightness to 20%. Make a shortcut to the desktop
search for gamma calibration in windows settings. set it to minimum
Adjust date and time: auto. Timezone tehran +3:30
Downloading updates active hours: 24 hours format. 1->11
Disable all data usages settings in privacy and security
uninstall mail, teams, one drive. xbox, facebook, microsoft todo, sticky notes, tips, weather
Install firefox and login
Install protonVPN
personalize: sunrise
network connection: metered connection
Display: 3840x2160, 200%
Steam: add your games' location to the Games' folder library. make it as default
Steam: If your games are in a NTFS file system, follow this to make game compatible with Linux.
Pause windows updates for 5 weeks
Check windows startups apps
App store: disable automatic update
Leave from "AMD user experience program". AMD settings -> last tab -> last option
windows features: WSL, virtual machine, hyper-v (for android and linux apps)
wsl --update
wsl --install -d Ubuntu
Disable Error Reporting: WIN+R -> services.msc -> Windows Error Reporting Service -> Properties -> disable

Install a new os on the phone

Backup data

sudo pacman -S android-tools
sudo adb devices
adb backup -apk -shared -all -f backup-file.ab

Restore

adb restore file.ab

Enable Developer options

Several times clicks on the kernel tab
Allow OEM unlocking
Enter Download mod:
1. Turn off the phone.
2. Hold vol key up + down.
3. Now in the warning message page. choose "unlocking bootloader" that will perform a factory reset

adb reboot download

Download TWRP

https://www.droidthunder.com/install-twrp-recovery-on-galaxy-A10/ https://twrp.me/samsung/samsunggalaxya10.html

convert it to .md5

https://www.droidthunder.com/convert-img-to-tar-md5/

Run Odin as administrator

follow the instructions https://www.droidthunder.com/install-twrp-recovery-on-galaxy-A10/

Docker

Installation

sudo pacman -S docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo reboot

Enabling, Disabling

sudo systemctl enable containerd.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.service

sudo systemctl disable containerd.service
sudo systemctl disable docker.service

sudo systemctl start containerd.service
sudo systemctl start docker.service

sudo systemctl stop containerd.service
sudo systemctl stop docker.service

Info

docker info # docker info

docker COMMAND --help # command info, 
docker ps --help 

Listing

# Images
docker images -a
# Containers
docker ps -a

Pulling

docker pull ubuntu
docker pull ubuntu:14.04

Removing

docker rmi IMAGE_NAME
docker rm CONTAINER_NAME

docker system prune -a -f # To remove any unused image, container
docker system prune --volumes -f -a # also removing volumes

Running

docker run IMAGE_NAME
# check if there is a local image. if there is, will create a new container based on the local image and run it.
# if not, will try to find and download the image from the hub.docker.com
# Then will create a new container based on the downloaded image

docker start CONTAINER_NAME
# start a container

docker stop CONTAINER_NAME
# stop a container

Example

docker run -d --name cname -p 80:8080 hello-world
# -d: detached, background
# --name: container name
# -p: map container port to os port
# 80: OS port
# 8080: container port
# hello-world: Image Name
docker start cname
docker logs cname

docker run -it bash
docker run -it bash /usr/local/bin/bash 
# -it: interactive mode. it will open a terminal after running the container
# /usr/local/bin/bash: the shell to open. if not specified the default path will be used
# CTRL + D or exit: to close the bash and so the container
# CTRL + P then CTRL + Q: to exit without stopping the container

Log

docker logs CONTAINER_ID_OR_NAME

Build

docker build --tag imageName:tag .

Other commands

docker exec -ti -u root CONTAINER_NAME bash
echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

8G tmpFs

nano /etc/fstab
tmpfs /tmp  tmpfs defaults,noatime,size=8G,mode=1777 0 0

Other

Time and Date​

Timezone​

Get timezone​

Set timezone​

Fix time difference between linux and windows​

man, apropos​

GRUB​

Regenerate grub.cfg​

Fixing broken grub​

Easy method using Manjaro Live​

General method​

Autostart​

Init​

Automatic Shutdown​

Reading symlinks​

System Info​

Performance​

Disable Linux Watchdogs, compaction and more​

Improve fstab, ssd, nvme performance​

Disabling journaling​

Journal Size​

Manjaro​

Fix broken System​

Things to do before installing​

Things to do after installing​

Apply New Configs​

Windows 11​

Make boatable usb​

WoeUsb​

Win2USB​

Things to do after installing Windows 11​

Install a new os on the phone​

Backup data​

Restore​

Enable Developer options​

Install odin tools for Samsung >= 3.14​

Install samsung driver​

Install adb​

Download TWRP​

convert it to .md5​

Run Odin as administrator​

Docker​

Installation​

Enabling, Disabling​

Info​

Listing​

Pulling​

Removing​

Running​

Example​

Log​

Build​

Other commands​

8G tmpFs​