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cat, zcat, less, more, head, tail, ccat, bat

Command	Description
cat file.txt	Concatenate and display
cat -n file.txt	Display with line numbers
zcat file.gz	Display compressed content
ccat file.txt	Colorize and concatenate
bat file.txt	Cat clone with syntax
tail file.txt	Display last N line (10 by default)
tail -f file.txt	Continuously display new lines
head file.txt	Display first N lines (10 by default)
head -n 5 file.txt	Display first 5 lines
head -5 file.txt	Display first 5 lines
less file.txt	View file with pagination
more file.txt	View file page by page

tee

tee allows you to read from standard input and write to both standard output and files simultaneously.

Command	Description
tee file.txt	Read from stdin and write to file.txt, creating or overwriting it
ls | tee list.txt	Redirect the ls output to both terminal and list.txt
tee -a file.txt	Append to file.txt instead of overwriting it
ps aux | grep "node" | tee processes.txt	list and save running processes containing node

split

Command	Description
split file.txt	Split file into parts, by default 1000 lines per file
split -l 100	Split into 100-line files
split -b 1M	Split into 1MB files
split -n 3 file.txt	Split into 3 equal parts
split -d	Use numeric suffixes
split test.txt -d hi	Use numeric suffixes and custom prefix "hi"
split -a 3	Use 3-character suffix
cat hi* > concatenated_file.txt	Concatenate files starting with "hi"

cut

Command	Description
cut -f 1,3 file.txt	Print the first and third fields from each line of file.txt
cut -d' ' -f 2-4 file.txt	Print fields 2 to 4 from each line of "file.txt" using space as the delimiter
cut -c 1-5 file.txt	Select and print characters 1 to 5 from each line of "file.txt"

Tab is the defualt delimiter

paste, wc

Command	Short Description
paste	Merge lines of files horizontally
paste file1 file2	Merges lines from 'file1' and 'file2'
paste -s file1 file2	Merges lines from 'file1' and 'file2' sequentially
paste -d, file1 file2	Merges lines with a comma delimiter
wc -l file.txt	Count lines in a file
wc -w file.txt	Count words in a file

sort, nl, shuf, uniq, tr

Command	Description
sort file.txt	Sort lines in a text file
sort -r file.txt	Sort lines in reverse order
sort -n file.txt	Sort lines numerically
nl file.txt	Number lines in a file
nl -b a file.txt	Number lines, showing all lines
nl -s "," file.txt	Number lines, custom separator
shuf file.txt	Shuffle lines in a file
shuf -n 5 file.txt	Shuffle and display only 5 lines
uniq file.txt	Display unique lines in a file
uniq -c file.txt	Count and display unique lines with count
cat file.txt | tr -s ' ' ','	Translate spaces to commas in a text stream

uniq only removes duplicate consecutive lines from the input. To remove all duplicate lines, you can pipe the output to sort and then to uniq again. like sort file.txt | uniq

diff, sha256sum, cp, mv, rm

Certainly, here's a table of the commands you requested in markdown format, with centered text alignment as per your preference:

Command	Description
diff file1 file2	Compares two files and shows differences
sha256sum file.txt	Calculates and prints the SHA-256 hash of the file file.txt
cp -r	Copies directories and their contents recursively
cp -v	Copies files or directories with verbose output
mv -i	Moves (renames) files or directories with prompt
rm -r	Removes directories and their contents recursively
mkdir	Creates a new directory
rmdir	Removes an empty directory

grep

Command	Description
grep 'error' log.txt	Search for 'error' messages in a log file
grep -r 'function()' /project	Recursively find files contain 'function()' in the '/project' directory
grep -i 'todo' *.js	Search case-insensitively for 'todo' in JavaScript files
grep -E '^\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}$' data.txt	Use extended regex to find social security numbers in 'data.txt'
grep -l 'pattern' *.txt	List files containing 'pattern' in the current directory
grep -v 'warning' log.txt	Invert the match to display lines without 'warning' in the log file

find

Command	Description
find	Search for files and directories
find path -name pattern	Files with a specific name in the 'path' directory
find /home/user -name "*.txt"	All files with the '.txt' extension in '/home/user'
find /etc -type d -name "conf"	Locate directories named 'conf' under '/etc'
find /var/log -type f -mtime +7	Find files in '/var/log' modified more than 7 days ago
find /usr/bin -executable -type f	Find executable files in '/usr/bin'
find /home -user masoud	Files owned by the user 'masoud' under '/home'
find /mnt -size +100M	Find files larger than 100MB in '/mnt'
find /var/log -iname "*.log" -exec ls -l {} \;	Files in '/var/log' with a case-insensitive name match
find /backup -type f -exec cp {} /backup_archive/ \;	Copy found files to '/backup_archive/' directory
find ./ -type f -exec ls {} \; -exec echo "file: {}" \;	Having two commands
find / -name 'pycache' -exec rm -r {} +	Remove all pycache, pass items as a list to rm

tar, gzip, guzip, xz, unxz

Command	Description
gzip	Compress files using gzip
gzip file.txt	Compress the file.txt using gzip
gzip -d file.gz	Decompress file.gz using gzip
gunzip file.gz	Decompress file.gz using gunzip
xz	Compress files using xz
xz file.txt	Compress the file.txt using xz
xz -d file.xz	Decompress file.xz using xz
unxz file.xz	Decompress file.xz using unxz
tar	Create and extract tar archives
tar -cvf archive.tar files/	Create a tar archive from the 'files/' directory
tar -xvf archive.tar	Extract files from 'archive.tar'
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /	Change to / directory and then extract

By default tar reads input from stdin.

streams

Certainly, here's a Markdown table with centered text alignment that lists the Linux commands you mentioned, along with their short descriptions and real-world examples:

Command	Description
>	Redirects standard output to a file
ls > list.txt	Redirects ls command output to list.txt
>>	Appends standard output to a file
echo "Hello" >> greeting.txt	Appends "Hello" to greeting.txt
2>	Redirects standard error to a file
ls non_existent_dir 2> error.log	Logs error from ls to error.log
2>>	Appends standard error to a file
find /non_existent_dir 2>> errors.log	Appends errors to errors.log
&>	Redirects both standard output and error to a file
curl example.com &> website.log	Logs both output and errors from curl to website.log
&>>	Appends both standard output and error to a file
git pull &>> git.log	Appends both git output and errors to git.log
<>	Redirects both input and output from/to a file
cat <> combined.txt	Reads and writes to combined.txt
command > output.txt 2> error.txt	Redirects output to output.txt and error to error.txt
command 2>&1 > output_and_error.txt	Redirects both output and error to output_and_error.txt

pipe

Command	Description
|	Redirect output from one command to another
command1 | command2	Execute command1 and pass its output to command2
ls | grep .txt	List and filter files with a .txt extension
ps aux | grep nginx	List and filter processes related to nginx
cat file.txt | less	Display file contents using the less pager
dmesg | tail -n 10	Display the last 10 kernel log messages
ls | sort -r	List files in reverse alphabetical order
find /home | wc -l	Count files and directories in /home
du -h | sort -rh	List disk usage, human-readable, and sorted
ls | tee file.txt	List files and save output to file.txt
ls | head -n 5	List the first 5 files in the current directory

xargs

xargs is a Linux command-line tool that takes input from standard input and passes it as arguments to another command. It separates input items by spaces, tabs or newlines by default, but you can specify a different delimiter with the -d option. The output is the result of executing the specified command with the input items as arguments.

By default, xargs will process as many input items as possible in a single execution of the command.

• -n 1: This option in xargs specifies that only one input item should be used for each execution of the command. It ensures that the command is run once for each input item
• -I {}: The -I option allows you to specify a placeholder (in this case, {}) to represent where the input item should be placed within the command. It also process one input item at a time

Command	Description
xargs	Build and execute command lines from standard input
find /path -type f -print | xargs command	Execute command on each file found by the find command
echo arg1 arg2 | xargs command	Execute command with arguments arg1 and arg2
ls *.txt | xargs rm	Remove all .txt files in the current directory
cat list.txt | xargs -n 1 echo	Print each line of list.txt using echo (one by one)
ls | xargs -I {} mv {} {}.bak	Add ".bak" extension to all files in this directory (one by one)
find /path -type f -name "*.log" -print0 | xargs -0 rm	Remove ".log" files in "/path" with handling special characters
grep pattern f1 f2 | xargs sed -i 's/pattern/replacement/g'	Search, replace "pattern" with "replacement" in multiple files
echo file1 file2 file3 | xargs -I % sh -c 'cp % /backup'	Copy multiple files to a backup directory
find /path -type f -print | xargs -P 4 -I % gzip %	Parallel compression of files in "/path" using 4 processes
ls *.txt | xargs -n 1 -I {} mv {} /destination/	Move each ".txt" file to "/destination/" directory
echo file1 file2 | xargs -d ' ' -I % sh -c 'touch %.txt'	Create ".txt" files with specified names